Insights Accounting
Monthly Accounting and Bookkeeping in Abu Dhabi: What the Cycle Actually Involves
Monthly accounting and bookkeeping in Abu Dhabi: how ADDED licence type, the five Abu Dhabi designated zones and the federal calendar shape the close.
Key takeaways
- ADDED issues seven distinct economic licence types, and the licence you hold changes what a clean month looks like
- Five Abu Dhabi areas appear on the FTA List of Designated Zones, which changes VAT treatment for goods
- Federal deadlines are fixed: VAT returns to the FTA and corporate tax nine months after the tax period ends
- Payroll runs through MoHRE and the Wage Protection System on a monthly cycle for mainland employers
- Records must be kept at least five years under Article 26(2) of Federal Decree-Law No. 32 of 2021
- An Abu Dhabi Global Market entity follows a different rulebook entirely, with a ten-year records duty
Monthly accounting and bookkeeping in Abu Dhabi means a recurring close built around three local variables — your Abu Dhabi Department of Economic Development licence type, whether your goods move through one of the five Abu Dhabi areas on the FTA List of Designated Zones, and whether you sit on the mainland or in a free zone — sitting on top of a federal VAT, corporate tax and payroll calendar that does not change by emirate.
“Monthly accounting services” is buying language. Nobody searches that phrase to learn what a ledger is; they search it because they have decided to hand the work over and want to know what they are getting. So this page is written as a description of the work rather than as an introduction to accounting.
What actually varies in Abu Dhabi, and what does not
It is worth being precise about this, because a lot of UAE content implies emirate-level tax differences that do not exist. VAT and corporate tax are federal. There is no Abu Dhabi VAT rate, no Abu Dhabi corporate tax return, and no Abu Dhabi filing deadline separate from the federal one.
What is genuinely local is the licensing and premises layer, and it reaches into the ledger more than owners expect.
| Layer | Set by | Varies by emirate? | Effect on the monthly close |
|---|---|---|---|
| VAT law and rates | Federal Decree-Law No. 8 of 2017 | No | None — same rules in every emirate |
| Corporate tax | Federal Decree-Law No. 47 of 2022 | No | None on the rules; timing follows your tax period |
| Accounting standards for tax | Ministerial Decision No. 114 of 2023 | No | Determines IFRS or IFRS for SMEs |
| Company records duty | Federal Decree-Law No. 32 of 2021, Art. 26 | No, for mainland companies | Five-year retention from fiscal year end |
| Mainland licensing | Abu Dhabi Department of Economic Development | Yes | Licence type drives the shape of the ledger |
| Licensing channel | TAMM | Yes | Where renewals and amendments are transacted |
| Designated zones for VAT goods | FTA list under Cabinet Decision No. 59 of 2017 | Yes, by named area | Changes VAT treatment for goods |
| Free zone company law | Each zone’s own regulations | Yes | Can change audit, accounts and retention duties |
That last row is the one that separates Abu Dhabi from most emirates, because one of its free zones — Abu Dhabi Global Market — has an entire company law of its own. If that is your entity, the ADGM accounting and bookkeeping requirements apply instead of most of what follows here.
The seven ADDED licence types, and what each does to your books
The Abu Dhabi Department of Economic Development publishes seven economic licence types. They are not cosmetic categories; each implies a different transaction pattern and a different set of monthly questions.
| ADDED licence type | Who it is for, per ADDED | The monthly bookkeeping consequence |
|---|---|---|
| Standard Licence | Permits business practice and accommodates all legal forms of business | Full ledger; stock, payroll and VAT all likely in scope |
| Abu Dhabi Trader Licence | Issued electronically for specific commercial activities to UAE citizens and residents | Often low volume, but still a taxable person for corporate tax |
| Dual Licence | Allows free zone establishments to operate outside the free zone area | Two activity streams that must be separable in the ledger |
| Freelancer Licence | Practising economic activities remotely without physical office premises | Simple ledger, sharp questions on natural-person tax treatment |
| Virtual Licence | For individuals residing outside the country starting Abu Dhabi businesses | Residence and permanent establishment questions come first |
| Mobdea Licence | Available to female UAE citizens across a defined activity list | Usually small scale; registration duties still apply |
| Small Producers Licence | For citizens owning private farms providing agricultural services | Seasonal revenue; inventory and cost tracking matter |
Licence types as published by ADDED on its licensing requirements page, checked 5 August 2026. ADDED does not publish a single consolidated fee table across all seven types on that page, so we have not stated licence fees here — quotes for those come from TAMM against your specific activity list.
The five Abu Dhabi designated zones, and why they change the month
This is the single most Abu Dhabi-specific thing in the ledger of a trading business. The FTA maintains a List of Designated Zones under Cabinet Decision No. 59 of 2017 and its amendments, and five of the named areas are in Abu Dhabi.
| Abu Dhabi designated zone | Effective from, per the FTA list |
|---|---|
| Free Trade Zone of Khalifa Port | 01/01/2018 |
| Abu Dhabi Airport Free Zone | 01/01/2018 |
| Khalifa Industrial Zone | 18/06/2018 |
| Al Ain International Airport Free Zone | Listed in the same block as the 18/06/2018 entries |
| Al Butain International Airport Free Zone | 18/06/2018 |
Two cautions belong here rather than in a footnote. First, being in a designated zone is not a VAT exemption — designated-zone rules affect the place of supply of goods in defined circumstances, and services are handled differently. Second, the list changes: the same FTA document records that Dubai Textile City ceased to be a designated zone on 04/04/2021 and that the free zone area in Al Quoz ceased on 01/07/2021. An area’s status is a fact with a date, not a permanent attribute.
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Abu Dhabi areas named on the FTA List of Designated Zones for VAT purposes, out of the areas listed across all seven emirates — Abu Dhabi Global Market is not among them
The monthly consequence is concrete. If your business moves goods into, out of or between designated zones, that movement needs to be identifiable in the ledger at the point it happens, with the supporting documentation attached. Deciding the treatment at quarter end from a bank statement is guesswork.
The federal compliance calendar an Abu Dhabi business works to
None of this is emirate-specific, which is exactly why it should be automated rather than remembered.
| Obligation | Frequency | Where it is filed | Instrument |
|---|---|---|---|
| VAT return | Per the tax period the FTA assigns | EmaraTax | Federal Decree-Law No. 8 of 2017 |
| Corporate tax return | Annual, within nine months of the tax period end | EmaraTax | Federal Decree-Law No. 47 of 2022 |
| Corporate tax registration | Once, per the FTA’s published timelines | EmaraTax | Federal Decree-Law No. 47 of 2022 |
| Wage Protection System file | Monthly, for employers in scope | Approved WPS channels to MoHRE | Ministerial Resolution No. 0340 of 2026 |
| Audited financial statements, where required | Annual | Retained and provided as required | Ministerial Decision No. 84 of 2025 |
| Accounting records retention | Continuous | Head office | Federal Decree-Law No. 32 of 2021, Art. 26(2) |
The audited-statements row is the one that catches Abu Dhabi SMEs. Article 2(1)(a) of Ministerial Decision No. 84 of 2025 requires audited financial statements where a taxable person that is not a tax group derives revenue exceeding AED 50,000,000 in the tax period, and Article 2(1)(b) requires them for any Qualifying Free Zone Person with no revenue threshold at all. That second limb catches small free zone companies in KEZAD, Masdar City Free Zone or Abu Dhabi Global Market that assumed they were too small to need an audit.
What we actually do in a month
This is our working cycle rather than a legal requirement, and it is ordered so that each step feeds the next.
| Working day | Task | What it prevents |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Source documents collected and indexed by period | Missing invoices found in month nine |
| 1 to 3 | Bank, card and payment-gateway accounts reconciled | Unidentified receipts becoming an income question |
| 3 | Sales ledger updated, credit notes matched to invoices | Revenue overstated by unmatched credits |
| 3 to 5 | Purchase ledger posted; input VAT evidence checked | Input tax claimed without a valid tax invoice |
| 5 | Payroll journal posted and agreed to the WPS submission | A payroll-to-WPS gap that compounds monthly |
| 6 | Designated-zone and cross-border movements tagged | Retro-fitting VAT treatment from bank lines |
| 7 | Related-party transactions identified and documented | Transfer pricing questions with no contemporaneous record |
| 7 to 8 | Control accounts agreed to supporting schedules | Balance sheet balances nobody can explain |
| 8 | Fixed asset register rolled forward; depreciation posted | Assets that exist in the room but not in the ledger |
| 9 | Accruals, prepayments and provisions reviewed | Profit that moves for no commercial reason |
| 9 | Corporate tax view of profit updated | A nine-month scramble after the year end |
| 10 | Management pack issued with written commentary | Reports nobody reads and nobody acts on |
The value in a monthly close is not the report. It is that twelve small decisions get made with the documents still in front of you, instead of one large guess getting made a year later.
Mainland, free zone or ADGM: three different monthly realities
An Abu Dhabi business can sit in one of three places, and the differences are real enough to change the engagement.
| Aspect | ADDED mainland | Abu Dhabi free zone (for example KEZAD, Masdar City, twofour54) | Abu Dhabi Global Market |
|---|---|---|---|
| Company law | Federal Decree-Law No. 32 of 2021 | The zone’s own regulations, alongside federal law | ADGM Companies Regulations 2020 |
| Licensing authority | Abu Dhabi Department of Economic Development | The relevant free zone authority | ADGM Registration Authority |
| Records retention floor | 5 years, Art. 26(2) | Per the zone, plus federal tax rules | 10 years, s.377(4) |
| Accounts filed with a registrar | Not as a general annual filing | Per the zone’s own rule | Yes, for most entity types |
| Audit driven by licensing | Depends on legal form and authority | Frequently, per the zone’s own rule | Yes, unless a statutory exemption applies |
| Audit driven by corporate tax | Above AED 50,000,000 revenue | Always, if a Qualifying Free Zone Person | Always, if a Qualifying Free Zone Person |
| Auditor must be | Ministry of Economy approved | Often on the zone’s own approved list | ADGM registered |
If your Abu Dhabi entity is inside a free zone, the honest instruction is to read your own zone’s published rule rather than a generic one. Zones genuinely differ on whether audited statements are required for renewal, on the submission window, and on whether the auditor must come from their own list. Where a zone publishes nothing on a point, that absence is itself the answer to record — not a licence to assume the neighbouring zone’s rule applies.
The Abu Dhabi free zone layer, and what each authority actually publishes
Abu Dhabi has several free zones besides Abu Dhabi Global Market, and they are commonly described in one breath as though they share a rulebook. They do not, and more importantly, they do not all publish the same amount of detail about ongoing accounting obligations.
We went looking for each authority’s own published position on audited financial statements and licence renewal. Here is what we found, stated exactly as we found it, on 5 August 2026.
| Abu Dhabi zone | What the authority is | Published position on audited statements for renewal |
|---|---|---|
| Abu Dhabi Global Market | Financial free zone with its own company law and registrar | Published in detail — Companies Regulations 2020, Part 15, plus RA guidance |
| KEZAD Group | Khalifa Economic Zones Abu Dhabi, under AD Ports Group | We could not locate a published public rule; confirm with KEZAD directly |
| Masdar City Free Zone | Free zone within Masdar City | Publishes beneficial ownership duties; no public audit rule we could confirm |
| Abu Dhabi Airports Free Zone | Free zone operated in the airports area | We could not locate a published public rule; confirm with the authority |
| twofour54 (Media Free Zone) | Abu Dhabi media free zone | We could not locate a published public rule; confirm with the authority |
That table is deliberately unflattering to us as much as to anyone else. It would be easy to fill the empty cells by copying what a neighbouring zone requires, and that is precisely how wrong deadlines end up in circulation. Where a zone has not published a requirement, the correct action is a written confirmation from the zone, not an assumption.
Masdar City Free Zone does publish one thing clearly that belongs in a monthly file. Its legal and regulatory pages state that all registered businesses must declare and maintain a record of their beneficial owners, in line with Cabinet Decision No. 109 of 2023 on the regulation of beneficial ownership procedures and Cabinet Decision No. 132 of 2023 on the related administrative penalties. Beneficial ownership registers drift when shareholdings change and nobody tells the accountant, so we check them at the same time as the annual close.
Onboarding: what the first month actually looks like
Taking over a set of books is a different piece of work from running them, and it is worth knowing what the first month involves before you agree to it.
| Stage | What happens | What we need from you |
|---|---|---|
| Week 1 | Licence, legal structure and activity list reviewed | Trade licence, memorandum, shareholder register |
| Week 1 | Tax profile established | EmaraTax registrations, tax period, any prior returns |
| Week 2 | Opening balances agreed or reconstructed | Last signed financial statements, prior trial balance |
| Week 2 | Bank and payment channels connected | Twelve months of statements, all accounts |
| Week 3 | Chart of accounts rebuilt around your actual activities | A walk-through of how revenue is really earned |
| Week 3 | Payroll and WPS position reconciled | Payroll register, WPS submissions, employment contracts |
| Week 4 | First management pack issued with a findings note | Time for one review call |
The findings note at the end of week four is the part that matters most. It is where we say plainly what we found — unreconciled balances, missing tax invoices, revenue that has never been split for a free zone position, payroll that does not agree to the Wage Protection System file. Firms that skip that step start producing clean-looking reports over an unclean foundation, and the problem surfaces later at a much worse moment.
The checks that separate accounting from data entry
Six recurring judgements make up most of the professional content of a monthly Abu Dhabi engagement. They are worth listing because they are what you are actually buying.
| Monthly judgement | The question | The cost of getting it wrong late |
|---|---|---|
| Revenue classification | Which stream is this, and does it affect a free zone position? | A qualifying income analysis rebuilt from scratch |
| Input VAT recoverability | Is there a valid tax invoice, and is the expense blocked? | Input tax reversed with interest and penalty exposure |
| Designated-zone treatment | Did goods physically move through a listed area? | VAT treatment reconstructed from shipping records |
| Related-party identification | Was this transaction with a connected person? | Transfer pricing documentation built retrospectively |
| Payroll to WPS agreement | Does the ledger match what MoHRE received? | An unexplained payroll balance at year end |
| Capital versus revenue | Should this be an asset or an expense? | A corporate tax adjustment across several years |
When monthly is the wrong frequency
Not every business needs a monthly close, and pretending otherwise would be selling. Three honest tests.
| Situation | Sensible frequency | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Low transaction volume, single activity, no stock, no staff | Quarterly, aligned to the VAT period | Nothing changes between quarters that a month would catch |
| Any inventory, or staff on WPS | Monthly | Stock and payroll drift quickly and are expensive to unwind |
| Free zone company with a qualifying income position | Monthly | The revenue split must be tracked as it happens |
| Revenue approaching AED 50,000,000 | Monthly, with a hard forecast | Crossing the threshold triggers an audit requirement |
| Backlog of more than two quarters | Catch-up project, then monthly | Reconstruction is a different engagement from a close |
| Preparing for a bank facility or investor | Monthly, with commentary | Lenders read the trend, not the year-end number |
The one case where monthly is genuinely non-negotiable is a free zone company relying on the 0% rate. The qualifying and non-qualifying revenue split has to be tracked contemporaneously, because there is no way to reconstruct it faithfully after the fact.
Choosing how the work is split
Outsourced bookkeeping in Abu Dhabi comes in three shapes, and mixing them badly is where cost overruns come from. The variables that set the fee are the same in either emirate, and our guide to what drives the cost of accounting services in Dubai sets them out driver by driver.
| Model | Who does the data entry | Who makes the judgements | Suits |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fully outsourced | The firm | The firm, with client sign-off | Owners who want the month to disappear |
| Hybrid | In-house junior or admin | The firm, on review | Businesses with volume but no finance lead |
| Review only | In-house team | In-house, with a monthly external check | Businesses with a competent accountant already |
| Backlog project | The firm, in bulk | The firm | Books more than two quarters behind |
Every one of those is quoted rather than priced from a table, because the driver is transaction volume and complexity rather than company size. If you want a number, the fastest route is three months of bank statements and a copy of the licence.
Where this leaves an Abu Dhabi business
The federal parts of your compliance year are fixed and identical to every other emirate. The parts that are actually yours are the licence you hold from the Abu Dhabi Department of Economic Development, whether your goods pass through one of the five Abu Dhabi designated zones, and whether your entity sits on the mainland, in a free zone or inside Abu Dhabi Global Market. A monthly service that does not read all three at the start of the engagement is going to produce tidy reports and miss the thing that matters.
If you are weighing up firms rather than services, our note on how the Abu Dhabi accounting market is layered covers that separately, and the audit question is dealt with in statutory audit requirements across the UAE.
Velmont Crest is a DED-licensed UAE accounting and advisory firm supporting businesses across Abu Dhabi, Dubai and the northern emirates with accounting and bookkeeping, VAT advisory, payroll and WPS processing and corporate tax support. Read more on our insights hub or get a quote through our contact page.
Disclaimer: Velmont Crest is a DED-licensed accounting and advisory firm providing preparation, advisory and compliance support. We are not a tax agent, an FTA representative or a licensed auditor. Licensing rules, designated-zone status and federal tax requirements change; verify your position with the relevant authority before acting. All figures and lists on this page were checked on 5 August 2026.
References
- Abu Dhabi Department of Economic Development — Licensing requirements
- Abu Dhabi Department of Economic Development — Mainland and free zones
- TAMM — Business licences
- FTA — List of Designated Zones (PDF)
- Federal Decree-Law No. 32 of 2021 on Commercial Companies
- Ministerial Decision No. 84 of 2025 on Audited Financial Statements (PDF)
- Ministerial Decision No. 114 of 2023 on Accounting Standards and Methods (PDF)
- Federal Tax Authority — Corporate Tax
- u.ae — Payment of wages and the Wage Protection System
Frequently asked questions
- What does a monthly accounting service in Abu Dhabi normally include?
- The core is the same in Abu Dhabi as anywhere in the UAE: transactions recorded to a maintained chart of accounts, bank and card accounts reconciled, sales and purchase ledgers kept current, payroll journals posted, fixed assets rolled forward, and a management pack issued. What differs is the checking layer around it. In Abu Dhabi that means confirming the treatment of any movement of goods into or out of the five Abu Dhabi areas on the FTA List of Designated Zones, keeping the revenue analysis a free zone company needs for its qualifying income position, and matching payroll to the file actually submitted through the Wage Protection System. A monthly service that produces reports without those checks is bookkeeping, not accounting.
- Which Abu Dhabi areas are designated zones for VAT?
- The FTA List of Designated Zones, issued under Cabinet Decision No. 59 of 2017 and its amendments, names five in Abu Dhabi: the Free Trade Zone of Khalifa Port, Abu Dhabi Airport Free Zone, Khalifa Industrial Zone, Al Ain International Airport Free Zone and Al Butain International Airport Free Zone. The first two ran from 1 January 2018 and the others from 18 June 2018 per that list. Being in a designated zone does not exempt a business from VAT; it changes the place-of-supply treatment for goods in defined circumstances, and services are treated differently from goods. Abu Dhabi Global Market does not appear on the list. Checked against the FTA list on 5 August 2026 — confirm the current version before relying on it.
- How does the ADDED licence type change our bookkeeping?
- More than owners expect. The Abu Dhabi Department of Economic Development publishes seven licence types, including the Standard Licence, the Abu Dhabi Trader Licence, the Freelancer Licence, the Dual Licence for free zone establishments operating outside the free zone area, the Virtual Licence for people residing outside the country, the Mobdea Licence and the Small Producers Licence. A freelancer licence with no premises has a simple ledger but a sharp question about whether corporate tax registration and the natural-person rules apply. A dual licence produces two streams of activity that need separating in the ledger from day one. A standard trading licence brings stock, and stock brings count sheets. The licence is the first thing we read.
- How often do we have to file VAT in Abu Dhabi?
- VAT is federal, so the answer is the same across the UAE and it is set by the FTA rather than by anything in Abu Dhabi. The FTA assigns each registrant a tax period, which is commonly quarterly, with monthly periods used for larger registrants. The filing and payment date follows the end of the tax period, and the return is submitted through EmaraTax. What Abu Dhabi changes is not the deadline but the content — a business operating in or supplying into one of the five Abu Dhabi designated zones has treatment questions on goods that a Dubai city-centre services business never encounters. Check your assigned tax period on your EmaraTax profile rather than assuming a quarter.
- Do we need monthly accounts if corporate tax is only filed once a year?
- You do not legally need a monthly close. You need the answer that the annual return depends on, and monthly is the cheapest way to get it. The corporate tax return is due within nine months of the end of the tax period under Federal Decree-Law No. 47 of 2022, which sounds generous until you try to reconstruct twelve months of related-party transactions, free zone revenue splits and expense classifications in that window. Businesses that close monthly file from a ledger. Businesses that do not close monthly file from a reconstruction, and reconstruction is where errors, voluntary disclosures and penalties come from. The deadline is annual; the work is not.
- Is bookkeeping in Abu Dhabi different from Dubai?
- The federal layer is identical — the same VAT law, the same corporate tax law, the same FTA, the same EmaraTax portal, the same record-keeping rules. What differs is the licensing authority and everything that flows from it. In Abu Dhabi the mainland licensor is the Abu Dhabi Department of Economic Development, with services delivered through the TAMM platform; in Dubai it is the Department of Economy and Tourism. The free zone landscape differs too: Abu Dhabi has KEZAD, Masdar City Free Zone, Abu Dhabi Airports Free Zone, the media free zone twofour54 and Abu Dhabi Global Market, and each sets its own conditions. So the ledger looks similar and the compliance calendar around it does not.
- How long do we have to keep the records behind the monthly accounts?
- At least five years, and often longer. Article 26(2) of Federal Decree-Law No. 32 of 2021 on Commercial Companies requires a company to keep its accounting registers at its head office for at least five years from the end of the fiscal year. Article 3(1)(a) of Cabinet Decision No. 74 of 2023 requires tax records to be kept for five years after the tax period, extended by four more years where there is a dispute, an audit under way, or notice of an intended audit. Real estate records run to fifteen years under Article 71(2) of the VAT Executive Regulation. An Abu Dhabi Global Market company is on a separate ten-year rule under section 377(4) of its own Companies Regulations 2020. Set the archive to the longest that applies to you.
- Should we do monthly bookkeeping in-house or outsource it?
- It depends on volume and on how many judgement calls your month contains. A single-activity services company in Abu Dhabi with a few dozen transactions a month and no stock can reasonably be handled in-house by an owner who is disciplined about filing. A business with inventory, multiple revenue streams, staff on WPS, related-party charges and a free zone position has a month full of decisions that need someone who has seen the FTA guidance rather than someone learning it. The honest test is not cost. It is whether anyone in the business currently knows, without checking, which of your revenue streams are qualifying income and which are not.
- What does a good monthly management pack contain?
- Enough to run the business and enough to defend the file. In practice that is a profit and loss with prior-period and budget comparison, a balance sheet with each control account agreed to a supporting schedule, a cash summary with a short forward view, an aged receivables and payables analysis, and a short commentary naming what moved and why. We add three UAE-specific items: a running VAT position so nothing is a surprise at quarter end, a corporate tax view of profit that separates the items that will be adjusted, and where relevant a qualifying-versus-non-qualifying revenue split for free zone companies. A pack with no commentary is a data export.
- Can you take over books that are behind?
- Yes, and it is common. Backlog work in Abu Dhabi usually arrives for one of three reasons: a corporate tax registration deadline forced the issue, a bank asked for financial statements, or a licence renewal or free zone requirement needed audited accounts and the ledger was not in a state to be audited. The approach is the same each time — establish an opening position that can be evidenced, rebuild forward in period order rather than by account, reconcile bank by bank, and only then form a view on tax. What we do not do is produce a plausible-looking set of accounts that no supporting document behind it can survive a question about.
- Do we still need bookkeeping if the company made no profit?
- Yes. Corporate tax registration and filing obligations do not depend on making a profit, and a loss you cannot evidence is a loss you may not be able to use. Losses have their own rules under Federal Decree-Law No. 47 of 2022 and carrying one forward requires records that support it. VAT registration is driven by taxable supplies rather than by profit, so a loss-making business can still be inside the VAT system with returns due. And the record-keeping duty in Article 26 of Federal Decree-Law No. 32 of 2021 is not conditional on profitability. A quiet year is the cheapest year to keep clean books, not a reason to stop.
- What is the Wage Protection System and does it affect the monthly close?
- It should. The Wage Protection System is the mechanism through which employers pay wages via approved channels and MoHRE receives the file, and the current instrument is Ministerial Resolution No. 0340 of 2026 on the Wage Protection System. The connection to bookkeeping is that the payroll journal in your ledger and the file MoHRE received should describe the same payments to the same people in the same month. When they diverge — usually because an off-cycle payment, a deduction or an end-of-service accrual was handled outside payroll — the difference surfaces later as an unexplained balance. We reconcile the two monthly rather than annually, because a twelve-month divergence is far harder to unpick.
Filed under: monthly accounting services Abu Dhabi, bookkeeping services Abu Dhabi, ADDED economic licence, TAMM, designated zones VAT, monthly bookkeeping, management accounts, Abu Dhabi accounting
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